Ali [may Allah be pleased with him] said: “We were at a funeral at Al-Baqi when the Prophet came and sat. So we sat with him. He had a stick with which he was scratching his head toward the heavens, and said: ‘There is not a single soul except that his place of entry has been decreed.’ The people said: ‘O Messenger of Allah! Shall we not then rely upon what has been written upon us? For whoever is t be among the people of bliss, then he shall do that acts that lead to bliss, and whoever is to be among the people of misery, then he shall do the acts that lead to misery?’ He said: ‘Rather, do the deeds, for everyone is facilitated. As for the one who shall be among the people of bliss; then verily he is facilitated to do the acts that lead to bliss. And as for the one who shall be among the people of misery.’ Then he recited: As for him who has Taqwa, And believes in Al-Husna. We will make smooth for him the patch of ease. But he who is greedy and thinks himself sel-sufficient, and denies Al-Husna. We will make smooth for him the path to evil. And what will he wealth avail him when he goes down?”
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا زَائِدَةُ بْنُ قُدَامَةَ، عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ الْمُعْتَمِرِ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيِّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ، قَالَ: كُنَّا فِي جَنَازَةٍ فِي الْبَقِيعِ، فَأَتَى النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَجَلَسَ وَجَلَسْنَا مَعَهُ وَمَعَهُ عُودٌ يَنْكُتُ بِهِ فِي الْأَرْضِ، فَرَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ، فَقَالَ: مَا مِنْ نَفْسٍ مَنْفُوسَةٍ إِلَّا قَدْ كُتِبَ مَدْخَلُهَا ، فَقَالَ الْقَوْمُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَفَلَا نَتَّكِلُ عَلَى كِتَابِنَا، فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْ أَهْلِ السَّعَادَةِ فَإِنَّهُ يَعْمَلُ لِلسَّعَادَةِ، وَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الشَّقَاءِ فَإِنَّهُ يَعْمَلُ لِلشَّقَاءِ ؟ قَالَ: بَلِ اعْمَلُوا فَكُلٌّ مُيَسَّرٌ، أَمَّا مَنْ كَانَ مِنْ أَهْلِ السَّعَادَةِ فَإِنَّهُ يُيَسَّرُ لِعَمَلِ السَّعَادَةِ، وَأَمَّا مَنْ كَانَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الشَّقَاءِ فَإِنَّهُ يُيَسَّرُ لِعَمَلِ الشَّقَاءِ، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ: فَأَمَّا مَنْ أَعْطَى وَاتَّقَى 5 وَصَدَّقَ بِالْحُسْنَى 6 فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُ لِلْيُسْرَى 7 وَأَمَّا مَنْ بَخِلَ وَاسْتَغْنَى 8 وَكَذَّبَ بِالْحُسْنَى 9 فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُ لِلْعُسْرَى 10 سورة الليل آية 5-10 . قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ.
Explanation
تفسير الحديث
The hadith narrated by Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) discusses a deep topic related to fate and choice. It begins by describing a moment during a funeral when the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) came and sat with the companions, playing with a stick in the ground. He then looked up to the sky and informed them that every soul's entry (into Heaven or Hell) has already been written. The companions asked the Prophet if they should rely on this decree, implying their question of whether they should depend on what is written for them. However, the Prophet reassured them that action is their duty and that everyone will be facilitated in what has been decreed for them. Those who are destined for happiness will be facilitated to do good deeds, and those destined for wretchedness will be facilitated to do evil deeds. The Prophet then quoted verses from Surah Al-Lail to clarify the meaning, indicating that those who give and have Taqwa will be facilitated, while those who are stingy and disbelieve in goodness will be facilitated towards hardship. This hadith emphasizes the value of work and the importance of striving for goodness. People who choose good and righteous actions will find it easier to do so by the grace of Allah; thus, one should make an effort in good deeds without using destiny as an excuse for laziness.
الحديث الذي رواه علي رضي الله عنه يتحدث عن موضوع عميق يتعلق بمسألة القدر والاختيار. يبدأ الحديث بوصف موقف حصل أثناء جنازة عندما جاء النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وجلس مع الصحابة وأخذ ينقش باستخدام عود على الأرض. ثم رفع رأسه إلى السماء وأخبرهم بأن كل نفس ما كتب لها من مصير.وجه الصحابة السؤال للنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم عما إن كان عليهم الاعتماد على ما كتب لهم، فقالوا: "أفلا نتكل على كتابنا؟" بمعنى أنهم يسألون إذا كان ينبغي عليهم أن يتكلوا على ما قدره الله لهم. لكن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أكد لهم أن العمل هو واجبهم، وأن كل إنسان سيُيسر له ما كُتب له. فالأشخاص الذين هم من أهل السعادة سيُسرَ لهم عمل الخير، وأما من هم من أهل الشقاء سيُسرَ لهم عمل الشر. ثم ذكر النبي الآيات من سورة الليل لتوضيح المعنى، حيث يبين أن من أعطى واتقى فسينيسر له، ومن بخل واستغنى فسينسر له العسرى. هذا الحديث يظهر قيمة العمل وأهمية السعي في الخير، فالأشخاص الذين يختارون الخير والعمل الصالح يسهل عليهم ذلك بفضل الله، وعليه، يجب على المرء أن يبذل جهده في الأعمال الصالحة دون أن يعتمد على القدر كذرية لتبرير التقاعس.
Source: Jami' Al-Tirmidhi by Abu `Isa Muhammad at-Tirmidhi