Abu Hurairah narrated that the Messenger of Allah said: “When Allah created Adam, He breathed the soul into him, then he sneezed and said: ‘All praise is due to Allah.’ So he praised Allah by His permission. Then His Lord said to him: ‘May Allah have mercy upon you O Adam. Go to those angels – to that gathering of them sitting – so say: “As-Salamu Alaikas-Salamu, Wa Rahmatullah’ Then he returned to his Lord, He said: ‘This is your greeting and the greeting of your children among each other.’ Then Allah said to him – while His Two Hands were closed – ‘Choose which of them you wish.’ He said: ‘I chose the right My Lord and both of the Hands of my Lord are right, blessed.’ Then He extended it, and there was Adam and his offspring in it.’ So he said: ‘What are these O my Lord?’ He said: ‘These are your offspring?’ Each one of them had his age written between his eyes. But among them there was a man who was the most illuminating of them – or among the most illuminated of them. He said: ‘O Lord! Who is this?’ He said: ‘This is your son Dawud, I wrote forty years for him.’ He said: ‘O Lord! Add to his age.’ He said: ‘That is what I have written for him.’ He said: ‘O Lord! Give him sixty of my years.’ He said: ‘So you shall have it.’” He said: “Then, he resided in Paradise as long as Allah willed, then he was cast from it, so Adam was counting for himself.” He said: “So the Angel of death came to him, and Adam said to him: ‘You are hasty, one-thousand years were written for me.’ He said: ‘Of course! But you gave sixty years to your son Dawud.’ So he rejected, and his offspring rejected, and he forgot, and his offspring forgot.” He said: “So ever since that day, what is written and witnessed has been decreed.”
حَدَّثَنَا حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا صَفْوَانُ بْنُ عِيسَى، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَارِثُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي ذُبَابٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: لَمَّا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ آدَمَ وَنَفَخَ فِيهِ الرُّوحَ عَطَسَ، فَقَالَ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ، فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ بِإِذْنِهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَبُّهُ: يَرْحَمُكَ اللَّهُ يَا آدَمُ اذْهَبْ إِلَى أُولَئِكَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ إِلَى مَلَإٍ مِنْهُمْ جُلُوسٍ، فَقُلْ: السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ، قَالُوا: وَعَلَيْكَ السَّلَامُ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى رَبِّهِ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ هَذِهِ تَحِيَّتُكَ وَتَحِيَّةُ بَنِيكَ بَيْنَهُمْ، فَقَالَ اللَّهُ لَهُ وَيَدَاهُ مَقْبُوضَتَانِ: اخْتَرْ أَيَّهُمَا شِئْتَ، قَالَ: اخْتَرْتُ يَمِينَ رَبِّي، وَكِلْتَا يَدَيْ رَبِّي يَمِينٌ مُبَارَكَةٌ، ثُمَّ بَسَطَهَا، فَإِذَا فِيهَا آدَمُ وَذُرِّيَّتُهُ، فَقَالَ: أَيْ رَبِّ، مَا هَؤُلَاءِ ؟ فَقَالَ: هَؤُلَاءِ ذُرِّيَّتُكَ فَإِذَا كُلُّ إِنْسَانٍ مَكْتُوبٌ عُمْرُهُ بَيْنَ عَيْنَيْهِ، فَإِذَا فِيهِمْ رَجُلٌ أَضْوَؤُهُمْ أَوْ مِنْ أَضْوَئِهِمْ، قَالَ: يَا رَبِّ، مَنْ هَذَا ؟ قَالَ: هَذَا ابْنُكَ دَاوُدُ قَدْ كَتَبْتُ لَهُ عُمْرَ أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً، قَالَ: يَا رَبِّ زِدْهُ فِي عُمْرِهِ، قَالَ: ذَاكَ الَّذِي كَتَبْتُ لَهُ، قَالَ: أَيْ رَبِّ، فَإِنِّي قَدْ جَعَلْتُ لَهُ مِنْ عُمْرِي سِتِّينَ سَنَةً، قَالَ: أَنْتَ وَذَاكَ، قَالَ: ثُمَّ أُسْكِنَ الْجَنَّةَ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ، ثُمَّ أُهْبِطَ مِنْهَا فَكَانَ آدَمُ يَعُدُّ لِنَفْسِهِ، قَالَ: فَأَتَاهُ مَلَكُ الْمَوْتِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ آدَمُ: قَدْ عَجَّلْتَ قَدْ كُتِبَ لِي أَلْفُ سَنَةٍ، قَالَ: بَلَى، وَلَكِنَّكَ جَعَلْتَ لِابْنِكِ دَاوُدَ سِتِّينَ سَنَةً، فَجَحَدَ فَجَحَدَتْ ذُرِّيَّتُهُ، وَنَسِيَ فَنَسِيَتْ ذُرِّيَّتُهُ، قَالَ: فَمِنْ يَوْمِئِذٍ أُمِرَ بِالْكِتَابِ وَالشُّهُودِ . قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى: هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ غَرِيبٌ مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ، وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مِنْ غَيْرِ وَجْهٍ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، مِنْ رِوَايَةِ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ.
Explanation
تفسير الحديث
This hadith carries deep meanings related to the creation of man and the origin of humanity, showing how Adam (peace be upon him) received life and how he was the first to know about greetings. In the hadith, upon his creation, Adam began with glorifying and praising Allah, reflecting the importance of remembering Allah in human life. Next, the hadith shows how Allah commanded Adam to go to the angels to greet them with peace, highlighting the social aspect of relationships between creatures. Then, there is a dialogue between Allah and Adam regarding Adam's offspring, where Adam chooses a good word in his life and asks for an increase in the lifespan of one of his sons. This emphasizes the desire for good for the offspring from parents. Through the dialogue with the Angel of Death, we learn the importance of valuing time and the life span given to a person, as well as the knowledge that humans might forget what Allah has decreed for them. The hadith highlights that denial and forgetfulness are among human traits, as Adam and his descendants denied what was decreed for them. Overall, the hadith reminds us of the great blessings that Allah has bestowed upon us and urges Muslims to be aware of one of the fundamental lessons about their time and existence in this life. It emphasizes the importance of faith and glorification, the relationship between a person and their Lord, and the subsequent rulings and positions in their lives.
هذا الحديث يحمل معاني عميقة تتعلق بخلق الإنسان وأصل البشرية، ويظهر كيفية استقبال آدم عليه السلام للحياة، وأنه كان أول من عرف التحيات. في الحديث، عند خلقه، ابتدأ آدم بالتسبيح والحمد لله، مما يعكس أهمية ذكر الله في حياة الإنسان. بعد ذلك، يظهر الحديث كيف أن الله عز وجل أمر آدم بأن يذهب إلى الملائكة ليحييهم بالسلام، وذلك يبرز الجانب الاجتماعي في العلاقات بين المخلوقات. ثم، هناك حوار بين الله وآدم بشأن ذرية آدم، حيث يختار آدم كلمة طيبة في حياته ويطلب زيادة عمر ابن له. وهذا يسلط الضوء على طلب الخير للذرية من الأبناء. ومن خلال الحوار مع ملك الموت، نتعلم أهمية التقدير للوقت والعمر الذي أعطي للإنسان وكذلك العلم بأن الإنسان قد ينسي ما كتبه الله من أجله. كما يبرز الحديث أن الجحود والنسيان من خصائص البشر، حيث جحد آدم وعائلته ما قدر لهم. هذا الحديث يذكرنا بالنعم العظيمة التي أنعم الله بها علينا، ويحث المسلمين على الوعي بأحد الدروس الأساسية حول عمرهم ووجودهم في هذه الحياة. وبالمجمل، الحديث ينبهنا لأهمية الإيمان والتسبيح، وعلاقة الإنسان بربه وذرّيته، وما يتبع ذلك من أحكام ومواقف في حياتهم.
Source: Jami' Al-Tirmidhi by Abu `Isa Muhammad at-Tirmidhi